Dysplasie corticale focale découverte chez un adulte : à propos d’un cas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55715/jaim.v17i4.858Abstract
Introduction: focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most common cause of medically refractory epilepsy. It is defined by a disorganization of the architecture of the cerebral cortex and the presence of abnormal neuronal and/or glial cells (1).
Objective: report the case of focal cortical dysplasia in a 46-year-old patient in whom clinical data supplemented by radiological signs made it possible to suggest the diagnosis.
Observation: 46-year-old patient admitted for epileptogenic seizures that had been developing for two years. The EEG was inconclusive. Based on the lesions observed on the MRI, the diagnosis of focal cortical dysplasia was suggested. Medical treatment was administered while awaiting surgery. The evolution was marked by the persistence of seizures that are more spaced than previously.
Conclusion: focal cortical dysplasia is a highly epileptogenic condition, rare and often discovered incidentally. It remains underdiagnosed despite the progress of imaging. Currently, surgical resection of the lesion is the key to cure this condition. The post-surgical prognosis is favorable.
RESUME
Introduction : la dysplasie corticale focale (DCF) est la cause la plus fréquente d'épilepsie médicalement réfractaire. Elle se définie par une désorganisation de l’architecture du cortex cérébral et la présence de cellules anormales neuronales et/ou gliales (1).
Objectif : rapporter le cas d’une dysplasie corticale focale chez une patiente de 46 ans chez qui les données cliniques complétées par les signes radiologiques ont permis d’évoquer le diagnostic.
Observation : patiente de 46 ans admise pour des crises épileptogènes évoluant depuis deux années. L’EEG n’était pas concluant. Sur la base des lésions observées à l’IRM, le diagnostic de dysplasie corticale focale a été évoqué. Un traitement médical lui a été administré dans l’attente d’une chirurgie. L’évolution a été marquée par la persistance des crises qui sont plus espacées que précédemment.
Conclusion : la dysplasie corticale focale est une affection hautement épileptogène, rare et souvent de découverte fortuite. Elle reste sous diagnostiquée malgré le progrès de l’imagerie. À l’heure actuelle, la résection chirurgicale de la lésion est la clé de guérison de cette affection. Le pronostic post chirurgical est favorable.
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